K.6 The student will model adding and subtracting whole numbers, using up to 10 concrete objects.
Understanding the Standard (Instructor's Use)
• Whole numbers are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and so on. • Addition is the process of combining or joining
sets.
• Subtraction can be viewed as a taking away or separating process or as comparing to find the difference between two sets.
• Counting on from the larger set to determine the sum of the combined sets is a strategy for finding a sum.
• Counting backward from the larger set to determine the difference between two sets is a strategy for subtraction.
• Number relationships, including the following, help students develop strategies for adding and subtracting.
– Instant recognition of the amount in a set of objects that are arranged in a familiar pattern such as the dots on number cubes
– One more than, one less than, two more than, two less than
All students should
Understand that addition means putting things together and that subtraction is the inverse of addition and means to separate things out.
ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS
The student will use problem solving, mathematical communication, mathematical reasoning, connections, and representations to
• Combine two sets with known quantities in each set, and count the combined set using up to 10 concrete objects, to determine the sum, where the sum is not greater than 10.
• Given a set of 10 or fewer concrete objects, remove, take away, or separate part of the set and determine the result.
Teaching the Standard (Student Activities)
Books
365 Penguins. By Jean-Luc Fromental. Illus. by Joelle Jolviet. 2001. 48p. Abrams Books for Young Readers. Gr PreK-K. (9780810944602). Here's a fun book that young children will love! It allows for many different ways to teach math, but counting and addition come to my mind first!
The Hershey's Kisses Addition Book. By Jerry Pallota. Illus. by Rob Bolster. 2001. 32 p. Cartwheel Publishers. Gr K-1. (978-0439241731). This book introduces addition to young children in a very tasty way. Children will be mesmerized by the illustrations and will gain a better grasp on the concept of addition.
The Hershey's Kisses Subtraction Book. By Jerry Pallota. Illus. by Rob Bolster. 2002. 32p. Cartwheel Publishers. Gr K-1. (978-0439337793). This book is sure to delight any candy loving kindergartner. A companion piece to The Hershey's Kisses Addition Book, the illustrations are catching and it helps to introduce this topic to young children.
Lessons/Activities/Center work
Adding to 10 board game. This game would be good to send home with students to practice their math facts. Have them play in class to learn the basic rules, then have it set aside as an item that students can check out on math homework nights.
Egg Carton Addition: In this activity, students use erasers and an egg carton to create their own math problems. This can be used in a math center or as group or solo work for students. It is very easy to differentiate, as the teacher can place any number (s)he wants to in the egg cartons to account for students ability. With detailed explanations this activity can be used for subtraction as well. As students find the numerals they are to add, have them count out that many bingo chips to help with the problems.
Fun with Pigs: This activity is good for cross curricular instruction as a good way to bring math into the reading portion of class. It works on students reading/listening comprehension and basic addition/subtraction facts. When having students answer the worksheet, pass out cut-outs of pigs (you can use any type of manipulative, but pig cut outs would be cute) to have the students work with.
Electronic Tools:
Add to 10: This "Zuma" style game has students group together numbers that add to ten. This game would be great to differentiate for students that no longer need concrete objects to count as there are only numbers involved in this game.
PopUp Subtraction: Collect pearls in this online activity that can be used to teach subtraction. It is good when differentiating since the teacher has multiple chances to set the game for the students comprehension level.
Space Shuttle Launch: This online game would be great in a math station. The teacher can choose the math facts to practice, either addition or subtraction, and can choose the difficulty level.
Assessments
Adding Shapes: A worksheet that the teacher creates by choosing given options. Students add together the shapes (or numerals if they have gotten that far!) and write the answer in the blank.
Dominos Addition Sheet: This printable worksheet has students add the number of dots on their printed dominos. Great activity to assess how your students have been doing with their hands on domino activites.
Subtraction Worksheets. These worksheets can be tailored to your students particular needs. Teacher chooses which numbers are used on the top and bottom so this site is perfect for creating differentiated assessments for your students.
Understanding the Standard (Instructor's Use)
• Whole numbers are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and so on. • Addition is the process of combining or joining
sets.
• Subtraction can be viewed as a taking away or separating process or as comparing to find the difference between two sets.
• Counting on from the larger set to determine the sum of the combined sets is a strategy for finding a sum.
• Counting backward from the larger set to determine the difference between two sets is a strategy for subtraction.
• Number relationships, including the following, help students develop strategies for adding and subtracting.
– Instant recognition of the amount in a set of objects that are arranged in a familiar pattern such as the dots on number cubes
– One more than, one less than, two more than, two less than
All students should
Understand that addition means putting things together and that subtraction is the inverse of addition and means to separate things out.
ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS
The student will use problem solving, mathematical communication, mathematical reasoning, connections, and representations to
• Combine two sets with known quantities in each set, and count the combined set using up to 10 concrete objects, to determine the sum, where the sum is not greater than 10.
• Given a set of 10 or fewer concrete objects, remove, take away, or separate part of the set and determine the result.
Teaching the Standard (Student Activities)
Books
365 Penguins. By Jean-Luc Fromental. Illus. by Joelle Jolviet. 2001. 48p. Abrams Books for Young Readers. Gr PreK-K. (9780810944602). Here's a fun book that young children will love! It allows for many different ways to teach math, but counting and addition come to my mind first!
The Hershey's Kisses Addition Book. By Jerry Pallota. Illus. by Rob Bolster. 2001. 32 p. Cartwheel Publishers. Gr K-1. (978-0439241731). This book introduces addition to young children in a very tasty way. Children will be mesmerized by the illustrations and will gain a better grasp on the concept of addition.
The Hershey's Kisses Subtraction Book. By Jerry Pallota. Illus. by Rob Bolster. 2002. 32p. Cartwheel Publishers. Gr K-1. (978-0439337793). This book is sure to delight any candy loving kindergartner. A companion piece to The Hershey's Kisses Addition Book, the illustrations are catching and it helps to introduce this topic to young children.
Lessons/Activities/Center work
Adding to 10 board game. This game would be good to send home with students to practice their math facts. Have them play in class to learn the basic rules, then have it set aside as an item that students can check out on math homework nights.
Egg Carton Addition: In this activity, students use erasers and an egg carton to create their own math problems. This can be used in a math center or as group or solo work for students. It is very easy to differentiate, as the teacher can place any number (s)he wants to in the egg cartons to account for students ability. With detailed explanations this activity can be used for subtraction as well. As students find the numerals they are to add, have them count out that many bingo chips to help with the problems.
Fun with Pigs: This activity is good for cross curricular instruction as a good way to bring math into the reading portion of class. It works on students reading/listening comprehension and basic addition/subtraction facts. When having students answer the worksheet, pass out cut-outs of pigs (you can use any type of manipulative, but pig cut outs would be cute) to have the students work with.
Electronic Tools:
Add to 10: This "Zuma" style game has students group together numbers that add to ten. This game would be great to differentiate for students that no longer need concrete objects to count as there are only numbers involved in this game.
PopUp Subtraction: Collect pearls in this online activity that can be used to teach subtraction. It is good when differentiating since the teacher has multiple chances to set the game for the students comprehension level.
Space Shuttle Launch: This online game would be great in a math station. The teacher can choose the math facts to practice, either addition or subtraction, and can choose the difficulty level.
Assessments
Adding Shapes: A worksheet that the teacher creates by choosing given options. Students add together the shapes (or numerals if they have gotten that far!) and write the answer in the blank.
Dominos Addition Sheet: This printable worksheet has students add the number of dots on their printed dominos. Great activity to assess how your students have been doing with their hands on domino activites.
Subtraction Worksheets. These worksheets can be tailored to your students particular needs. Teacher chooses which numbers are used on the top and bottom so this site is perfect for creating differentiated assessments for your students.